Modern Economics & Management Forum

Against the backdrop of the global “dual carbon” goal and sustainable development strategy, green supply chain governance has become a core capability that determines enterprises’ access to international markets and long-term competitive advantages. This paper takes CATL as a case study, based on stakeholder theory, resource-based view and sustainable development theory. Using the company’s operational data from 2020 to 2024, this study empirically examines how green supply chain governance affects corporate environmental, economic and social performance. Results show that green governance significantly reduces full-life-cycle carbon emissions, improves resource recycling efficiency, enhances supply chain resilience, boosts operating income and profitability, lowers financing costs, and increases brand value and social recognition. The coordinated improvement of environmental, economic and social benefits proves that green governance creates strong comprehensive value for leading enterprises. This research enriches empirical evidence on green supply chains and provides practical implications for Chinese new energy firms to advance low-carbon transformation.