This study assessed the clinical outcomes of combined dapagliflozin and atorvastatin therapy among patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by dyslipidemia. We further explored its regulatory effects on glycemic profiles, serum lipids, body weight and inflammatory markers, so as to generate evidence supporting standardized combination interventions for metabolic comorbidities. In this retrospective randomized controlled trial, 92 eligible patients hospitalized in our department from January 2025 to December 2026 were enrolled and allocated equally (46 subjects per arm) to control and observation groups using a random number table. Participants in the control group received routine hypoglycemic treatment plus atorvastatin lipid-lowering therapy, while the observation group was administered dapagliflozin on top of the control regimen. Both cohorts received 12 weeks of continuous treatment. Indicators including fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected and compared at baseline and upon treatment completion. The overall clinical response rate and adverse event rates were also recorded. After the 12-week intervention, glycemic and lipid parameters were markedly ameliorated in both groups. The magnitude of improvement was substantially greater within the observation group, with statistically significant intergroup differences (P < 0.05). The observation group achieved an overall clinical response rate of 93.48%, which was significantly higher than the 78.26% observed in controls (P < 0.05). No notable between-group difference was found regarding the incidence of adverse events during the treatment period (P > 0.05). The combination of dapagliflozin and atorvastatin yields therapeutic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant dyslipidemia. This regimen synergistically modulates glucose and lipid metabolism without elevating the risk of adverse reactions.