Qualitative Study on the Care Experience and Needs of Primary Caregivers for Children Undergoing Hypospadias Surgery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v7i2.5335
Abstract
Objective: To explore the experiences and needs of primary caregivers of children undergoing hypospadias surgery during the care process, and to provide a basis for optimizing family care strategies and nursing interventions. Method: Using purposive sampling method, 13 primary caregivers were selected for semi-structured interviews in December 2024, and Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to summarize and extract themes. Result: extract four themes, including the dual experience of psychological conflict and emotional adjustment, the caregiving dilemma under multidimensional knowledge and skill gaps, the heavy burden of family caregiving, and the desire for sustained and diverse professional support. Conclusion: Caregivers generally face significant psychological pressure and caregiving difficulties, and expect systematic, flexible, and sustainable nursing guidance and social support. Medical staff should pay attention to their emotions and needs, establish a care support system that runs from preoperative to home care, strengthen personalized health education, continuity of services, and integration of diverse social resources, enhance their caregiving abilities, and promote postoperative recovery of pediatric patients.
Keywords
hypospadias; caregivers; care experience; nursing needs; qualitative research
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[3] GUL M, HILDORF S, SILAY M S. Sexual functions and fertility outcomes after hypospadias repair [J]. International Journal of Impotence Research, 2021, 33(2): 149-63.
[4] Fu Qibo, Ye Weijing Hypospadias and Male Fertility [J]. Chinese Journal of Andrology, 2010, 24 (03): 71-2.
[5] Yang Yi, Liu Xin Problems, challenges, and reflections in the treatment of proximal hypospadias [J]. Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2022, 43 (8): 673-8.
[6] TEE K, CROAKER, D, RAMPERSAD, R. Increasing incidence of hypospadias in the Australian Capital Territory, 1987-2016 [J]. J PEDIATR UROL, 2020, 16: S39.
[7] Wang Yaping, Chen Fang, Xie Hua Progress in surgical treatment of proximal hypospadias [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery, 2018, 17 (11): 866-71.
[8] SPRINGER A, TEKGUL, S, SUBRAMANIAM, R. An Update of Current Practice in Hypospadias Surgery [J]. EUR UROL SUPPL, 2017, 16(1): 8-15.
[9] LUCAS J, HIGHTOWER T, WEISS D A, et al. Time to Complication Detection after Primary Pediatric Hypospadias Repair: A Large, Single Center, Retrospective Cohort Analysis [J]. Journal of Urology, 2020, 204(2): 338-44.
[10] TACK L J W, SPRINGER A, RIEDL S, et al. Adolescent and Young Adult Urogenital Outcome following Childhood Hypospadias Repair: Perfection Revisited [J]. J Urol, 2021, 206(3): 734-44.
[11] Su Huazhi, Huang Meiyun The impact of 4C continuous nursing intervention on the incidence of postoperative complications, family health education knowledge, and satisfaction in children with hypospadias [J]. Chinese Medical Guidelines, 2022, 20 (26): 127-9.
[12] Zhu Jiawei, Lu Yujun, Liu Lina The impact of seamless linking mode on postoperative complications and caregiver emotions in children with hypospadias [J]. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2019, 40 (24): 3457-60+64.
[13] Xiong Xiaoxiu, Li Honglin, Zhu Dan Home nursing education for children with hypospadias based on mind mapping [J]. Journal of Nursing, 2023, 38 (09): 73-6.
[14] Xiao Yanshang, Wang Xiaofang, Xu Jiangjiang, etc Factors influencing the psychological resilience and caregiving ability of caregivers of children with hypospadias after surgery [J]. Guangxi Medical Journal, 2021, 43 (24): 3006-10.
[15] Yu Yunfei, Su Hongliang, Tang Haizhou, etc Qualitative Study on the Care Burden of Caregivers for Children with Hypospadias [J]. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 2025, 4 (04): 119-122.
[16] KALRA L, EVANS A, PEREZ I, et al. Training carers of stroke patients: randomised controlled trial [J]. Bmj, 2004, 328(7448): 1099.
[17] Liu Ming Application of Colaizzi's Seven Steps in Phenomenological Research Data Analysis [J]. Journal of Nursing, 2019, 34 (11): 90-92.
[18] Wei Jiali, Gou Li, Dou Xiujuan Anxiety and depression status of caregivers of children with congenital hypospadias and the effect of psychological intervention [J]. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases, 2022, 28 (06): 98-102.
[19] TACK L J W, SPRINGER A, RIEDL S, et al. Psychosexual Outcome, Sexual Function, and Long-Term Satisfaction of Adolescent and Young Adult Men After Childhood Hypospadias Repair [J]. J Sex Med, 2020, 17(9): 1665-75.
[20] CECCARELLI P L, LUCACCIONI L, POLUZZI F, et al. Hypospadias: clinical approach, surgical technique and long-term outcome [J]. BMC Pediatr, 2021, 21(1): 523.
[21] Yu Feng, Sun Li, Hu Jie, etc A phenomenological study on the parental care experience of young cancer patients on the brink of death [J]. Journal of Nursing, 2023, 38 (13): 103-7.
[22] TU M, WANG F, SHEN S, et al. Influences of Psychological Intervention on Negative Emotion, Cancer-Related Fatigue and Level of Hope in Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Patients Based on the PERMA Framework [J]. Iran J Public Health, 2021, 50(4): 728-36.
[23] NEUMANN M L, ALLEN J Y, KAKANI S, et al. A beautiful struggle: Parent-perceived impact of short bowel syndrome on child and family wellbeing [J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2022, 57(9): 149-57.
[24] N S T. Hypospadias [J]. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 225(5): B18-B20.
[25] COUSIN I, BASMAISON C, COUSIN E, et al. Complication rates of proximal hypospadias: meta-analyses of four surgical repairs [J]. J Pediatr Urol, 2022, 18(5): 587-97.
[26] CASTAGNETTI M, EL-GHONEIMI A. Surgical management of primary severe hypospadias in children: an update focusing on penile curvature [J]. Nat Rev Urol, 2022, 19(3): 147-60.
[27] Yu Yunfei, Nong Chanyuan, Ren Yifei, etc Research progress on caregiver burden of children with hypospadias [J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023, 13 (23): 48-51+117.
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