Lightning disasters pose a continuous safety threat to various building electrical equipment and automated facilities. The traditional manual inspection mode has inherent shortcomings such as insufficient timeliness and limited coverage. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology can achieve real-time transmission of on-site perception data and remote centralized control. The lightning protection online monitoring system built based on this technology can continuously collect key operational information such as grounding resistance, discharge current, and component aging status, and automatically complete the identification of abnormal states and risk warnings. Sort out the theoretical content related to lightning protection monitoring, analyze the various limitations of the traditional detection and operation and maintenance mode, and combine the Internet of Things architecture to sort out the system construction ideas and application methods, providing feasible practical ideas for the regular safety control of lightning protection facilities in various industries.