平台经济下外卖骑手劳动过程与身份认同的跨国比较研究
Journal: Project Engineering DOI: 10.12238/pe.v3i5.16605
Abstract
平台经济在全球范围内的扩张,将外卖骑手这一新兴劳动群体推至学术与公共讨论的前沿。本研究基于对多个国家外卖骑手劳动现状的二手资料,采用跨国比较分析方法,探究全球平台资本逻辑与地方社会经济制度情境的互动如何共同塑造骑手的劳动过程、不稳定体验与身份建构。研究发现,尽管各国骑手均面临由“灵活性话语”掩盖的算法控制、劳动风险外化与社会保障缺失等普遍困境,但其具体的劳动体验与能动性策略表现出显著差异。在发展中国家,骑手的核心挑战集中于人身安全与基本生存保障；而在发达国家,则更多表现为对算法公正性、结构性不平等等权利层面的诉求。骑手的应对策略也呈现出从个体适应、非正式社群互助到正式集体行动的光谱,其形态深刻反映了各国不同的制度环境与社会结构。研究认为,破解平台经济的“灵活陷阱”,需要超越单一视角,构建政府、平台与社会多方协同的治理框架,以实现劳动者权益保障与行业可持续发展的平衡。
Keywords
平台经济；外卖骑手；劳动过程；职业认同；社会认同；跨国比较
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