三峡库区氮素收支估算及环境影响
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.12238/eep.v8i2.2508
Abstract
本研究基于2021年三峡流域化肥用量、人口数量及工业排放等数据,估算了氮素输入、输出及盈余量,并预测了氮减排情景的影响。研究结果显示,三峡流域氮素输入总量为196.12万t,主要来源为化肥施用(40.2%)和工业排放(18.9%)。农业活动(化肥、生物固氮、秸秆返田)占总氮输入的50%。氮素输出总量为171.70万t,主要输出方式为水体流失(20.5%%)和禽畜产品(27.6%)。流域氮素总体表现为盈余,盈余总量为24.42万t,可能导致土壤酸化、水体富营养化等环境问题。通过不同情景预测,若不采取干预措施(BAU情景),2035年氮素盈余将达至29.46万t。而在化肥减量(FR)和综合政策(S2+S3+S4)情景下,氮素盈余将显著减少,最终在2035年达到相对平衡状态。研究表明,化肥减量是最有效的管理措施,综合政策对控制氮素污染效果显著。研究建议进一步加强化肥减量、节能减排等措施,以实现氮素收支平衡,改善生态环境和促进农业可持续发展。
Keywords
三峡库区；氮污染；氮素盈余；情景预测
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[3] GU B, CHANG J,MIN Y,et al.The role of industrial nitro gen in the global nitrogen biogeochemical cycle [J]. Sci Rep, 2013,3:2579.
[4] HALE R L, GRIMM N B, VöRöSMARTY C J,et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes from watersheds of the northeast US from 1930 to 2000: Role of anthropogenic nutrient inputs, infrastr ucture,and runoff[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2015, 29(3):341-56.
[5] CHEN D, HUANG H, HU M, et al. Influence of lag effect, soil release, and climate change on watershed anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and riverine export dynamics[J].Environment al science & technology,2014,48(10):5683-90.
[6] LIU K-K,YAN W,LEE H-J,et al.Impacts of increasing diss olved inorganic nitrogen discharged from Changjiang on prim ary production and seafloor oxygen demand in the East China Sea from 1970 to 2002[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2015,141:200-17.
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[8] LIU S M,ZHANG J,CHEN H,et al.Nutrients in the Changji ang and its tributaries[J].Biogeochemistry,2003,62(1):1-18.
[9] GUO J, LIU J, FANG F, et al. Input-output budgets for nitrogen in a typical purplesoil sloping ploughland in Three Gorges areas[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2011, 34(11):141-7.
[10] LIN S, FENG M, HU R, et al.Characteristics of Nitrogen Cycling in Farm Systems in a Small Watershed ofhree Gorges Reservoir Area, China [J]. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(3):632-8.
[11] WANG Z,WANG Y,DING X,et al.Evaluation of net anthro pogenic nitrogen inputs in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area [J].Ecological Indicators,2022,139.
[12] WANG J. Characterization of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and source analysis in typical functional areas of Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges reservoir area[D]; Chongq ing Three Gorges University,2023.
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[14] ZHU Z.Nitrogen balance and cycling in agroecosyste ms of China[J].Nitrogen in soils of China,1997:323-38.
[15] HAN Y, FAN Y, YANG P, et al. Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs(NANI)index application in Mainland China [J]. Geoderma,2014,213:87-94.
[16] BOYER E W,GOODALE C L,JAWORSKI N A,et al.Anthropoge nic nitrogen sources and relationships to riverine nitrogen export in the northeastern USA [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2002, 57:137-69.
[17] XING G, YAN X. Direct nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields in China estimated by the revised 1996 IPPC guidelines for national greenhouse gases[J].Environmen tal Science & Policy,1999,2(3):355-61.
[18] 赵中华,邱祖民.桃江流域农业区氮平衡及时空差异性[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(5):83-6.
[19] XING G, ZHU Z.Regional nitrogen budgets for China and its major watersheds[J].Biogeochemistry,2002,57/58:405-7.
[20] XING G X, YAN X Y. Direct nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields in China estimated by the revised 1996 IPPC guidelines for national greenhouse gases[J].Environment al Science & Policy,1999,2(3):355-61.
[21] CHEN F, JIA G. Nitrogen Budgets of the Beijiang River Basin[J].TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY,2009,29(1):11-5.
[22] HONG B,SWANEY D P,HOWARTH R W.A toolbox for calcula ting net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI)[J].Environme ntal Modelling & Software,2011,26(5):623-33.
[23] HUANG Y,LIN S,JIANG G,et al.Characteristics of Nitrog en and carbon contents in piants and soils in the HaiHe river basin[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,1994,14(3):225-34.
[24] 肖新成,谢德体,何丙辉.基于农业面源污染控制的三峡库区种植业结构优化[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):219-27.
[25] 丁雪坤,王云琦,韩玉国.三峡库区人类活动净氮输入量估算及其影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2020,40(1):206-16.
[26] ZHENG Y, WANG X, YIN J, et al. Feature of rural solid waste from various types villages in sources water protection area[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4): 1-5.
[27] ANDREAE M,MERLET P.Emission of trace gases and aeros ols from biomass burning[J].Global biogeochemical cycles,2001,15(4):955-66.
[28] HUANG J-W,LIU L, YAN X-Y, et al. Assessment of Critical Loads of Nitrogen Deposition in Natural Ecosystems of China [J].Huan Jing ke Xue=Huanjing Kexue,2023,44(6):3321-8.
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[31] ZHANG L,WANG J,WANG S, et al. Chemical characteristics of long-term acid rain and its impact on lake water chemistry: A case study in Southwest China [J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2024,138:121-31.
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[35] CHEN N,HONG H,ZHANG L.Preliminary results concerning the spatio-temporal pattern and mechanism of nitrogen sources and exports in the Jiu long River watershed [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(4):830-9.
[36] XIE L, CHEN J. Nitrogen Budgets of the Pearl River Delta and Its Regional Differences during the Past Decade [J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(2):237-48.
[37] ATKINS J F,ANDERSON P M,BOULAND C.The nitrogen budg et of an urban watershed: Zeekoevlei, Cape Town [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2022,227:104540.
[38] VENTURA M, SCANDELLARI F, VENTURA F, et al. Nitrogen balance and losses through drainage waters in an agricultural watershed of the Po Valley(Italy)[J].European Journal of Agron omy,2008,29(2-3):108-15.
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