The Affect of Frailty on Cardiac Function in Senior Citizen with Chronic Cardiac Failure
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v6i3.4413
Abstract
Amidst the accelerating global demographic shift towards an aging populace, the construct of multimorbidity has commanded escalating scholarly focus in recent years. Particular emphasis centers on frailty a pathophysiological state precipitating progressive multisystem deterioration and a concomitant escalation in deleterious clinical sequelae. Frailty exhibits a robust correlation with adverse prognostic trajectories in chronic cardiac failure and numerous cardiovascular pathologies, and permeates thechronic cardiac failure patient cohort with high prevalence. Crucially, frailty not merely potentiates the incidence of chronic heart failure, but substantially augments the propensity for adverse cardiovascular events.
Keywords
chronic cardiac failure, frailty, elderly, co-morbidities
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[4] Savarese G, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118:3272–87.
[5] Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:E139–596.
[6] Seferovic PM, Vardas P, Jankowska EA, et al. The heart failure association atlas: heart failure epidemiology and management statistics 2019. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23:906–14.
[7] Wang H, Chai K, Du M, et al. Prevalence and incidence of heart failure among urban patients in China a national population-based analysis. Circ Heart Fail. 2021;14:1127–35.
[8] Han Jiaqi. A study on the correlation between debilitation and self-care behavior in elderly heart failure patients [D]. Jilin University,2019.
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[10] McDonagh J, Martin L, Ferguson C,et al.Frailty assessment instruments in heart failure: A systematic review[J]. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs,2018,17(1):23-35.
[11] Narici, M. V., and Maffulli, N. (2010). Sarcopenia: characteristics, mechanisms and functional significance. Br. Med. Bull. 95, 139–159. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldq008.
[12] Hogrel, J.-Y., Barnouin, Y., Azzabou, N., Butler-Browne, G., Voit, T., Moraux, A., et al. (2015). NMR imaging estimates of muscle volume and intramuscular fat infiltration in the thigh: variations with muscle, gender, and age. Age 37, 60–71. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9798-5.
[13] Singh, M., Stewart, R., and White, H. (2014). Importance of frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur. Heart J. 35, 1726–1731. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu197.
[14] Khan, H., Kalogeropoulos, A. P., Georgiopoulou, V. V., Newman, A. B., Harris, T. B., Rodondi, N., et al. (2013). Frailty and risk for heart failure in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Am. Heart J. 166, 887–894. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.032.
[15] Kitzman, D. W., Nicklas, B., Kraus, W. E., Lyles, M. F., Eggebeen, J., Morgan, T. M., et al. (2014). Skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 306, H1364–H1370. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00004.2014.
[16] Wohlgemuth, S. E., Calvani, R., and Marzetti, E. (2014). The interplay between autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced cardiac aging and pathology. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 71, 62–70. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.007.
[17] Goldwater, D. S., and Pinney, S. P. (2015). Frailty in advanced heart failure: a consequence of aging or a separate entity? Clin. Med. Insights. Cardiol. 9, 39–46. doi: 10.4137/CMC.S19698.
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[19] Valentova, M., von Haehling, S., Bauditz, J., Doehner, W., Ebner, N., Bekfani, T., et al. (2016). Intestinal congestion and right ventricular dysfunction: a link with appetite loss, inflammation, and cachexia in chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 37, 1684–1691. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw008.
[20] Uchmanowicz, I., Łoboz-Rudnicka, M., Szeląg, P., Jankowska-Polańska, B., and Łoboz-Grudzień, K. (2014). Frailty in heart failure. Curr. Heart Fail. Rep. 11, 266–273. doi: 10.1007/s11897-014-0198-4.
[21] Kalogeropoulos, A., Georgiopoulou, V., Psaty, B. M., Rodondi, N., Smith, A. L., Harrison, D. G., et al. (2010). Inflammatory markers and incident heart failure risk in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55, 2129–2137. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.045.
[22] Benetos A,Petrovic M,Strandberg T.Hypertension Management in Older and Frail Older Patients. Circ Res,2019,124(7):1045-1060.
[23] McDonagh J, Martin L, Ferguson C,et al.Frailty assessment instruments in heart failure: A systematic review[J]. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs,2018,17(1):23-35.
[24] Denfeld QE, Winters-Stone K, Mudd JO, Gelow JM, Kurdi S, Lee CS. The prevalence of frailty in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2017;236:283–9.
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