Gut-brain Axis: Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v6i2.4073
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts children’s social interactions. Although the mechanisms are not well understood and treatments are lacking, recent studies on the brain-gut axis offer insights into ASD pathology. Differences in gut microbiota between children with ASD and healthy controls have been reported, with my study identifying a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae in ASD children. This finding aids in understanding ASD's pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis, identifying related biomarkers, and developing novel personalized treatments.
Keywords
Autism spectrum disorder, gut-brain axis, microbiota
Full Text
PDF - Viewed/Downloaded: 4 TimesReferences
[1]Almandil NB, Alkuroud DN, AbdulAzeez S, AlSulaiman A, Elaissari A, Borgio JF. 2019. Environmental and genetic factors in autism spectrum disorders: Special emphasis on data from arabian studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(4).
[2]Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. 2015. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med. 45(3):601-613.
[3]Coretti L, Paparo L, Riccio MP, Amato F, Cuomo M, Natale A, Borrelli L, Corrado G, Comegna M, Buommino E et al. 2018. Gut microbiota features in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Microbiol. 9:3146.
[4]Dinh DM, Volpe GE, Duffalo C, Bhalchandra S, Tai AK, Kane AV, Wanke CA, Ward HD. 2015. Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic hiv infection. J Infect Dis. 211(1):19-27.
[5]Finegold SM, Dowd SE, Gontcharova V, Liu C, Henley KE, Wolcott RD, Youn E, Summanen PH, Granpeesheh D, Dixon D et al. 2010. Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children. Anaerobe. 16(4):444-453.
[6]He J, Gong X, Hu B, Lin L, Lin X, Gong W, Zhang B, Cao M, Xu Y, Xia R et al. 2023. Altered gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in chinese children with constipated autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep. 13(1):19103.
[7]Janssens Y, Nielandt J, Bronselaer A, Debunne N, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, Van Immerseel F, Vandewynckel YP, De Tre G, De Spiegeleer B. 2018. Disbiome database: Linking the microbiome to disease. BMC Microbiol. 18(1):50.
[8]Kang DW, Park JG, Ilhan ZE, Wallstrom G, Labaer J, Adams JB, Krajmalnik-Brown R. 2013. Reduced incidence of prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children. PLoS One. 8(7):e68322.
[9]Kim YK, Shin C. 2018. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders: Pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments. Curr Neuropharmacol. 16(5):559-573.
[10]Lavelle TA, Weinstein MC, Newhouse JP, Munir K, Kuhlthau KA, Prosser LA. 2014. Economic burden of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 133(3):e520-529.
[11]Li N, Yang J, Zhang J, Liang C, Wang Y, Chen B, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhang G, Zhao D et al. 2019. Correlation of gut microbiome between asd children and mothers and potential biomarkers for risk assessment. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 17(1):26-38.
[12]Liu P, Wu L, Peng G, Han Y, Tang R, Ge J, Zhang L, Jia L, Yue S, Zhou K et al. 2019. Altered microbiomes distinguish alzheimer's disease from amnestic mild cognitive impairment and health in a chinese cohort. Brain Behav Immun. 80:633-643.
[13]Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, Jones EJH, Jones RM, Pickles A, State MW et al. 2020. Autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 6(1):5.
[14]Lu Y, Zhou G, Ewald J, Pang Z, Shiri T, Xia J. 2023. Microbiomeanalyst 2.0: Comprehensive statistical, functional and integrative analysis of microbiome data. Nucleic Acids Res. 51(W1):W310-W318.
[15]Ma B, Liang J, Dai M, Wang J, Luo J, Zhang Z, Jing J. 2019. Altered gut microbiota in chinese children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 9:40.
[16]Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR, Amoakohene E, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Fitzgerald RT, Furnier SM, Hughes MM et al. 2023. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, united states, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 72(2):1-14.
[17]Matsuzaki H, Iwata K, Manabe T, Mori N. 2012. Triggers for autism: Genetic and environmental factors. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 4:27-36.
[18]Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann KU, Grundmann D, Philippeit H, Burmann J, Fassbender K, Schwiertz A, Schafer KH. 2016. Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with parkinson's disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 32:66-72.
[19]Zhao Y, Lu F, Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang R, He P, Zheng X. 2024. The economic burden of autism spectrum disorder with and without intellectual disability in china: A nationwide cost-of-illness study. Asian J Psychiatr. 92:103877.
[2]Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. 2015. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med. 45(3):601-613.
[3]Coretti L, Paparo L, Riccio MP, Amato F, Cuomo M, Natale A, Borrelli L, Corrado G, Comegna M, Buommino E et al. 2018. Gut microbiota features in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Microbiol. 9:3146.
[4]Dinh DM, Volpe GE, Duffalo C, Bhalchandra S, Tai AK, Kane AV, Wanke CA, Ward HD. 2015. Intestinal microbiota, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in chronic hiv infection. J Infect Dis. 211(1):19-27.
[5]Finegold SM, Dowd SE, Gontcharova V, Liu C, Henley KE, Wolcott RD, Youn E, Summanen PH, Granpeesheh D, Dixon D et al. 2010. Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children. Anaerobe. 16(4):444-453.
[6]He J, Gong X, Hu B, Lin L, Lin X, Gong W, Zhang B, Cao M, Xu Y, Xia R et al. 2023. Altered gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in chinese children with constipated autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep. 13(1):19103.
[7]Janssens Y, Nielandt J, Bronselaer A, Debunne N, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, Van Immerseel F, Vandewynckel YP, De Tre G, De Spiegeleer B. 2018. Disbiome database: Linking the microbiome to disease. BMC Microbiol. 18(1):50.
[8]Kang DW, Park JG, Ilhan ZE, Wallstrom G, Labaer J, Adams JB, Krajmalnik-Brown R. 2013. Reduced incidence of prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children. PLoS One. 8(7):e68322.
[9]Kim YK, Shin C. 2018. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders: Pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments. Curr Neuropharmacol. 16(5):559-573.
[10]Lavelle TA, Weinstein MC, Newhouse JP, Munir K, Kuhlthau KA, Prosser LA. 2014. Economic burden of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 133(3):e520-529.
[11]Li N, Yang J, Zhang J, Liang C, Wang Y, Chen B, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhang G, Zhao D et al. 2019. Correlation of gut microbiome between asd children and mothers and potential biomarkers for risk assessment. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 17(1):26-38.
[12]Liu P, Wu L, Peng G, Han Y, Tang R, Ge J, Zhang L, Jia L, Yue S, Zhou K et al. 2019. Altered microbiomes distinguish alzheimer's disease from amnestic mild cognitive impairment and health in a chinese cohort. Brain Behav Immun. 80:633-643.
[13]Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, Jones EJH, Jones RM, Pickles A, State MW et al. 2020. Autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 6(1):5.
[14]Lu Y, Zhou G, Ewald J, Pang Z, Shiri T, Xia J. 2023. Microbiomeanalyst 2.0: Comprehensive statistical, functional and integrative analysis of microbiome data. Nucleic Acids Res. 51(W1):W310-W318.
[15]Ma B, Liang J, Dai M, Wang J, Luo J, Zhang Z, Jing J. 2019. Altered gut microbiota in chinese children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 9:40.
[16]Maenner MJ, Warren Z, Williams AR, Amoakohene E, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Fitzgerald RT, Furnier SM, Hughes MM et al. 2023. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, united states, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ. 72(2):1-14.
[17]Matsuzaki H, Iwata K, Manabe T, Mori N. 2012. Triggers for autism: Genetic and environmental factors. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 4:27-36.
[18]Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann KU, Grundmann D, Philippeit H, Burmann J, Fassbender K, Schwiertz A, Schafer KH. 2016. Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with parkinson's disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 32:66-72.
[19]Zhao Y, Lu F, Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang R, He P, Zheng X. 2024. The economic burden of autism spectrum disorder with and without intellectual disability in china: A nationwide cost-of-illness study. Asian J Psychiatr. 92:103877.
Copyright © 2025 Yuxuan Hu, Xuesong Wang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License