Architecture Engineering and Science

This paper employs complex network theory and spatial analysis methodologies to conduct a systematic exploration of the spatial arrangement and vulnerability of Northeast China's high-speed rail (HSR) network, which is structured as a unique "hub-and-spoke + trunk composite" system. The study uncovers that the network exhibits excessive reliance on three primary hubs—Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin. This over-dependence generates heightened structural sensitivity and insufficient redundancy, significantly impairing the network's capacity to withstand disruptions and maintain operational continuity.Informed by resilience theory, the paper presents targeted optimization strategies: fortifying secondary hubs like Dalian, Jilin, and Qiqihar; building a multi-centered network to reduce core node dominance; increasing key channel density to enhance path diversity; optimizing inter-hub connectivity efficiency; and expanding branch line coverage to boost accessibility in peripheral regions. This research delivers theoretical foundations for strengthening the HSR network's resilience in Northeast China while offering practical insights to advance balanced regional development.