儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及耐药特点分析
Journal: Basic Medical Theory Research DOI: 10.12238/bmtr.v8i2.18869
Abstract
目的：分析本院儿童下呼吸道感染阳性病原菌的分布特征及耐药特点，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：收集2021-2024年间10149例下呼吸道感染患儿痰液标本，进行细菌培养、菌种鉴定及药敏试验。结果：痰培养分离出阳性病原菌688株，阳性率为6.60%（688/10419），革兰阳性菌占36.77%（253/688），革兰阴性菌为63.23%（435/688），其中流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率较高；0-3岁婴幼儿易感性明显高于其他年龄段的儿童，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药率较高；流感嗜血杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林的耐药率菌较高；大肠埃希菌对酶抑制剂及头孢菌素呈不同程度的耐药；肺炎克雷伯对碳青霉烯类药物耐药率为20.51%。结论：我院儿童下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，感染率存在年龄差异。临床医生应加强细菌耐药监测，促进抗生素的合理利用，减少耐药菌株的传播和流行。
Keywords
下呼吸道感染；痰培养；药敏试验；碳青霉烯类
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