Research Progresses of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v2i1.287
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) in the newborn is one of the most common congenital infections. The children who are infected will present different clinical manifestations. The mild symptoms may be asymptomatic. However, severe cases may have permanent sequelae and even endanger their life. This paper would review the research progresses in the following fields including the epidemiology, the route of transmission, clinical manifestation, screening methods , narrative perspective of prevention and control means. Then the prevention strategies would be summarized.
Keywords
cytomegalovirus, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, clinical manifestation, screening methods, prevention strategies
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[30] Dobbins GC, Patki A, Chen D, et al. Association of CMV genomic mutations with symptomatic infection and hearing loss in congenital CMV infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1): 1046.
[31] Britt WJ. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Women With Preexisting Immunity: Sources of Infection and Mechanisms of Infection in the Presence of Antiviral Immunity. J Infect Dis. 2020; 221(suppl 1): s1-s8.
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[33] Britt WJ. Maternal immunity and the natural history of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. Viruses. 2018; 10(8): 405.
[34] Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AM, et al. Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J Pediatr. 2004; 145(4): 485-491.
[35] Plotkin S, Boppana S. Vaccination against the human cytomegalovirus. Vaccine. 2019; 37(50): 7437-7442.
[36] Blázquez-Gamero D, Galindo Izquierdo A, Del Rosal T, et al. Prevention and treatment of fetal cytomegalovirus infection with cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin: a multicenter study in Madrid. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019; 32(4): 617-625.
[37] Revello MG, Lazzarotto T, Guerra B, et al. CHIP Study Group. A randomized trial of hyperimmune globulin to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(14): 1316-1326.
[38] Seidel V, Hackelöer M, Rancourt RC, et al. Fetal and maternal outcome after hyperimmunoglobulin administration for prevention of maternal-fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: retrospective cohort analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 302(6): 1353-1359.
[39] Kagan KO, Enders M, Hoopmann M, et al. Outcome of pregnancies with a very recent primary cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester treated with hyperimmunoglobulin: an observational study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. DOI: 10.1002/uog.23596
[40] Perinatal Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for screening and clinical intervention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019; 35(4): 417-423.
[41] Luck SE, Wieringa JW, et al. ESPID Congenital CMV Group Meeting, Leipzig 2015. Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A European Expert Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017; 36(12): 1205-1213.
[2] Noor A, Panwala A, Forouhar F, et al. Hepatitis caused by herpes viruses: a review. J Dig Dis. 2018; 19(8): 446.
[3] Jin QE, Su J, Wu S. Cytomegalovirus Infection among pregnant women in Beijing:seroepidemiological survey and intrauterine transmissions. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017; 17(5): 1005-1009.
[4] Marsico, C, D. W. Kimberlin. Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection: advances and challenges in diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Ital J Pediatr. 2017; 43(1): 38.
[5] Pass R.F, Anderson B. Mother-to-child transmission of cytomegalovirus and prevention of congenital infection. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2014; 3(2): 6.
[6] Cannon MJ, Davis KF. Washing our hands of the congenital cytomegalovirus disease epidemic. BMC Public Health. 2020; 5: 70.
[7] Hideya Kawasaki, Isao Kosugi, Shiori Meguro, et al. Pathogenesis of developmental anomalies of the central nervous system induced by congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Pathology International. 2017; 67: 72-82.
[8] Zhang XY, Fang F. Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection and neurologic diseases in newborns. Chin Med J. 2019; 132(17): 2109-2118.
[9] Messinger CJ, Lipsitch M, Bateman BT, et al. Association Between Congenital Cytomegalovirus and the Prevalence at Birth of Microcephaly in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2020; 174(12): 1159-1167.
[10] Chiopris G, Veronese P, Cusenza F, et al. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(10): 1516.
[11] Osric B. Navti, Mariam Al-Belushi, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy — An update. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2021; 256: 216-22.
[12] Kaneko M, Ohhashi M, Minematsu T, et al. Maternal immunoglobulin G avidity as a diagnostic tool to identify pregnant women at risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Chemother. 2017; 23(3): 173-176.
[13] Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Hughes BL, Gyamfi-Bannerman C. Diagnosis and antenatal management of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 214(6): B5-B11.
[14] Tanimura K, Yamada H. Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(12): 3760.
[15] Perinatal Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Expert consensus on screening and management of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy. Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2017; 20(8): 553-556.
[16] Rawlinson WD, Boppana SB, Fowler KB, et al. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017; 17(6): 177-188.
[17] Chen K, Zhong Y, Gu Y. Estimated Cost-effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in China Using a Markov Model. JAMA Network Open. 2020; 3(12): e2023949.
[18] AY Yamamoto, MM Mussi-Pinhata, LJ Marin, et al. Is saliva as reliable as urine for detection of cytomegalovirus DNA for neonatal screening of congenital CMV infection? J Clin Virol. 2006; 36: 228-230.
[19] Dollard SC, Dreon M, Hernandez-Alvarado N, et al. Sensitivity of Dried Blood Spot Testing for Detection of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. JAMA Pediatr. 2021; 175(3): e205441.
[20] H Xu, L Zhang, XY Xuan.Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection: a possible risk for cerebral palsy and related to its clinical features, neuroimaging findings: a retrospective study. BMC Pediatr. 2020; 20: 555.
[21] Yamaguchi A, Oh-Ishi T, Arai T, et al. Screening for seemingly healthy newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus infection by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using newborn urine: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2017; 7(1): e013810.
[22] Stern-Ginossar, Weisburd, et al. Decoding human cytomegalovirus. Science. 2012; 338: 1088-1093.
[23] Zhang Xiaotong, Chen Luyan. Clinical characteristics of immune thrombocytopenia in children with human cytomegalovirus infection with different gH genotypes. Zhejiang Medicine. 2019; 41(18): 1978-1982.
[24] Hu Hb, Peng Ww, Peng Qy, et al. Cytomegalovirus Genotype Distribution among Congenital and Perinatal Infected Patients with CMV-Associated Thrombocytopenia. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2020; 1: 1-10.
[25] Paradowska E, Jabłońska A, et al. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein H genotype distribution and the relationship with hearing loss in children. J Med Virol. 2014; 86(8): 1421.
[26] Paradowska E, Jabłońska A, et al. Distribution of the CMV glycoprotein gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131A complex variants and associated clinical manifestations in infants infected congenitally or postnatally. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 16352.
[27] Chen Luyan, Li Wei, Xu Jialu, et al. The relationship between gH genotyping and clinical features of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 2019; 8: 597-602.
[28] Jodie L White, Eshan U Patel, Alison G Abraham. Prevalence, Magnitude, and Genotype Distribution of Urinary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Shedding Among CMV-Seropositive Children and Adolescents in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019; 6(7): 272.
[29] Guo Shan, Yu Mengmeng, Li Ge, et al. Study on the envelope glycoprotein H genotypes of clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus in infants and young children. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 2013; 51(51): 260.
[30] Dobbins GC, Patki A, Chen D, et al. Association of CMV genomic mutations with symptomatic infection and hearing loss in congenital CMV infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1): 1046.
[31] Britt WJ. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Women With Preexisting Immunity: Sources of Infection and Mechanisms of Infection in the Presence of Antiviral Immunity. J Infect Dis. 2020; 221(suppl 1): s1-s8.
[32] Yamamoto AY, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Boppana SB, et al. Human cytomegalovirus reinfection is associated with intrauterine transmission in a highly cytomegalovirus-immune maternal population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 202(297): 1-8.
[33] Britt WJ. Maternal immunity and the natural history of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. Viruses. 2018; 10(8): 405.
[34] Adler SP, Finney JW, Manganello AM, et al. Best AM. Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. J Pediatr. 2004; 145(4): 485-491.
[35] Plotkin S, Boppana S. Vaccination against the human cytomegalovirus. Vaccine. 2019; 37(50): 7437-7442.
[36] Blázquez-Gamero D, Galindo Izquierdo A, Del Rosal T, et al. Prevention and treatment of fetal cytomegalovirus infection with cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin: a multicenter study in Madrid. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019; 32(4): 617-625.
[37] Revello MG, Lazzarotto T, Guerra B, et al. CHIP Study Group. A randomized trial of hyperimmune globulin to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(14): 1316-1326.
[38] Seidel V, Hackelöer M, Rancourt RC, et al. Fetal and maternal outcome after hyperimmunoglobulin administration for prevention of maternal-fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: retrospective cohort analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 302(6): 1353-1359.
[39] Kagan KO, Enders M, Hoopmann M, et al. Outcome of pregnancies with a very recent primary cytomegalovirus infection in the first trimester treated with hyperimmunoglobulin: an observational study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. DOI: 10.1002/uog.23596
[40] Perinatal Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for screening and clinical intervention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2019; 35(4): 417-423.
[41] Luck SE, Wieringa JW, et al. ESPID Congenital CMV Group Meeting, Leipzig 2015. Congenital Cytomegalovirus: A European Expert Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017; 36(12): 1205-1213.
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